25^th Annual Congress on Cardiology and Medical Interventions July 16-17, 2018 Atlanta, Georgia, USA

The term heart disease is often used interchangeably with the term "cardiovascular disease." Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart's muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease.

Heart failure, sometimes known as congestive heart failure, occurs when your heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should. Certain conditions, such as narrowed arteries in your heart (coronary artery disease) or high blood pressure, gradually leave your heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump efficiently. In some people with heart failure, the heart has difficulty pumping enough blood to support other organs in the body. Other people may have a hardening and stiffening of the heart muscle itself, which blocks or reduces blood flow to the heart. Heart failure can affect the right or left side of your heart, or both at the same time. It can be either an acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing) condition.

Cardiac (heart) surgery is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, coronary artery bypass grafting), correct congenital heart disease, or treat valvular heart disease from various causes including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation. Doctors also use heart surgery to Repair or replace heart valves, which control blood flow through the heart, Repair abnormal or damaged structures in the heart, Implant medical devices that help control the heartbeat or support heart function and blood flow, Replace a damaged heart with a healthy heart from a donor, Treat heart failure and coronary heart disease, Control abnormal heart rhythms.

Regenerative medicine and stem cell research have tremendous potential to revolutionize the treatment of cardiac disease. The heart has a limited ability to regenerate damaged tissue after a heart attack. Current drug therapies slow the progression of heart failure but are not curative and heart transplants can only be offered to a very limited number of patients. Cardiac stem cells have the potential to differentiate into all the cells that make up the heart, including heart muscle cells, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, mature cells that are manipulated back to a stem cell state that can be harnessed to create new heart cells. The difficulty is that the heart cells made with stem cells resemble the heart cells of an infant, rather than adult heart cells. To function in adult hearts, the new heart cells must “mature” and then be able to survive within the constantly beating environment of the heart. The scientific community has generated the technology to make heart cells that are immature, but very few heart cells derived from stem cells integrate into the normal heart tissue as mature heart cells. At the HSCI, our researchers are focused on understanding how to take these new heart cells all the way to maturity and stability, so they can be used as an effective therapy.

Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases. Interventional cardiology is a non-surgical option which uses a catheter – a small, flexible tube – to repair damaged or weakened vessels, narrowed arteries, or other affected parts of the heart structure.  A large number of procedures can be performed on the heart by catheterization. The main advantages of using the interventional cardiology or radiology approach are the avoidance of the scars and pain, and long post-operative recovery. Additionally, interventional cardiology procedure of primary angioplasty is now the gold standard of care for an acute myocardial infarction.

The study of young person who is developing into an adult such adults suffering with heart related problems is studied under adolescent cardiology. Cardiologists who examine adults frequently receive referrals of adolescents and young adults with chest pain. Chest pain in this age group is most likely non-cardiac in origin, which often creates a diagnostic dilemma for the consultant in terms of the etiology and extent of evaluation are very likely studied in the Adolescent cardiology.

Fetal cardiology is the study of the unborn child’s heart. When the unborn baby has a problem with the heart, families need the services of doctors who specialize in caring for both unborn babies and newborns and children with heart problems. Congenital heart disease is the most common disorder of newborns, affecting one out of every 100 babies. Prenatal screening for heart disease can optimize your unborn baby’s health, medical care and delivery.

Echocardiography, also called an echo test or heart ultrasound, is a test that takes “moving pictures” of the heart with sound waves. It’s not surgery. Echocardiography uses standard two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and Doppler ultrasound to create images of the heart. It is one of the most widely used diagnostic tests in cardiology. It can provide a wealth of helpful information, including the size and shape of the heart (internal chamber size quantification), pumping capacity, and the location and extent of any tissue damage. Echocardiography can help to detect cardiomyopathies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and many others.

Cardiovascular imaging is a central aspect of Cardiology. Cardiovascular imaging is the action or process of producing an image especially of a part of the body (Heart) by radiographic techniques. It interprets cross sectional imaging studies of the heart and vascular system. Standard imaging tests include echocardiography (Echocardiography), chest x-ray, CT, MRI, and various radionuclide techniques (Radionuclide Imaging).

Cardiovascular Research is to learn the basic, translational, and clinical research of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, aneurysms, and vascular auto-immune diseases are the most common cause of death and disability in the United States, and account for approximately 30% of deaths and health care costs annually in this country and developed societies. The mission of Cardiovascular Research is to support interdisciplinary research in basic, translational and clinical cardiovascular sciences, including cardiovascular development, function, pathophysiology, pharmacology, genetics, genomics, and proteomics, and to apply this knowledge to better understand the causes of cardiovascular diseases and to pioneer development of new innovative therapies and approaches to prevent or treat them.

Cardiac regeneration is a broad effort that aims to repair irreversibly damaged heart tissue with cutting-edge science, including stem cell and cell-free therapy. Reparative tools have been engineered to restore damaged heart tissue and function using the body's natural ability to regenerate. During a typical myocardial infarction or heart attack, an estimated one billion cardiac cells are lost. The scarring that results is then responsible for greatly increasing the risk of life-threatening abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias. Therefore, the ability to naturally regenerate the heart would have an enormous impact of modern healthcare.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack  Heart disease, or cardiovascular disease, encompasses a range of conditions, including blood vessel diseases such as coronary artery disease, problems with (arrhythmias) and congenital heart defects, Heart and blood vessel disease — also called heart disease — includes numerous problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries. This build up narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow. This can cause a heart attack or stroke. A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked by a blood clot. If this clot cuts off the blood flow completely, the part of the heart muscle supplied by that artery begins to die.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack  Heart disease, or cardiovascular disease, encompasses a range of conditions, including blood vessel diseases such as coronary artery disease, problems with (arrhythmias) and congenital heart defects, Heart and blood vessel disease — also called heart disease — includes numerous problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries. This build up narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow. This can cause a heart attack or stroke. A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked by a blood clot. If this clot cuts off the blood flow completely, the part of the heart muscle supplied by that artery begins to die.

There are many types and combinations of drugs used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), and the doctor will decide the best treatment combination for the situation. Cardiac Devices restore or maintain a rhythm and rate sufficient to meet metabolic needs. Defibrillators can be external, trans venous, or implanted (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator), depending on the type of device used or needed. Some external units, known as automated external defibrillators (AEDs), automate the diagnosis of treatable rhythms, meaning that lay responders or bystanders are able to use them successfully with little or no training.

Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women, causing 1 in 3 deaths each year. That’s approximately one woman every minute. There are several misconceptions about heart disease in women, and they could be putting you at risk. Other types of heart disease, such as coronary micro vascular disease (MVD) and broken heart syndrome, also pose a risk for women. These disorders, which mainly affect women, are not as well understood as CHD.

Cardiac arrhythmias are any abnormality or perturbation in the normal activation sequence of the myocardium. Cardiac arrhythmia, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia or irregular heartbeat, is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow. Cardiac arrhythmias are common. Symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and syncope are frequent complaints encountered by family physicians, internists, and cardiologists. In contrast to these ubiquitous complaints, which are generally benign, sudden cardiac death remains an important public health concern. In general, the seriousness of cardiac arrhythmias depends on the presence or absence of structural heart disease.

Advances in Cardiology Education presents the current thinking of international experts regarding the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular risk and the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of heart and its related disorders. This session gives new insights into the relationship between arterial stiffness, cardiovascular diagnosis, vascular study and atherosclerosis, but also establishes the possible interactions with age and other cardiovascular factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

A case report on Cardiology gives an appropriate convention for all cardiologists by rendering their important clinical cases of late occurrence. Studying from medical cases provides valuable experience for clinicians, students and paramedical staff -members. Rare medical reports and conditions discovered through the latest methods of examination are energized. Moreover, studying diagnostic methods from medical cases and the interpretation of symptoms is significant to train and burgeon the thought processes which are being used in the clinical field.

Cardiology is an important muscular organ in humans and other animals, pumps blood through the vessels of the circulatory system. In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of an individual patient. Heart case report may contain a demographic profile of patient but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Different case report can be done such as case reports on cardiac arrest and diseases have a great value and help in advancing and development of treatment strategies. In this way case expounds on cardiovascular issue and diseases have a phenomenal regard and help in advancing and progression of strategies.

Cardiac Pharmacology is for patients with cardiac diseases, and the different drugs associated with cardiovascular therapies. Cardiology conferences include the Cardiac Drugs which are used in any way to treat conditions of the heart or the circulatory or vascular system. Many classes of cardiovascular agents are available to treat the various cardiovascular conditions. They are a complicated group of drugs with many being used for multiple heart conditions. Prescription drugs and medicines for diseases relating to the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels. In this sub topic we have Sodium, potassium, calcium channel blockers, ACE-inhibitors and Cardiac biomarkers. There are 6 associations and societies and the main association for Cardiac Therapeutic Agents in USA. 50 universities are working on Cardiac Therapeutic Agents. There are 120 Companies in USA that are making Cardiac Therapeutic Agents in Cardiology. 3new drugs were introduced in 2015. There are many types of cardiovascular drugs in the market that include Cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmic agents, antianginal agents and antihypertensive agents.

Cardio-oncology is the intersection of heart conditions in patients who have been treated for cancer. Cardiologists can assess patients for potential risk of developing heart conditions if patients  take certain types of cancer drugs, or following radiation treatment to the chest. They also help oncologists protect their patients during treatment by closely watching the heart and recognizing heart trouble early in treatment. Cardio-Oncology Programs are to provide cancer patients with excellent, multidisciplinary care.

Hypertension also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease. High blood pressure generally develops over many years, and it affects nearly everyone eventually. High blood pressure usually has no symptoms, but it can cause serious problems such as stroke, heart failure, heart attack and kidney failure. You can control high blood pressure through healthy lifestyle habits such as exercise and the DASH diet and taking medicines, if needed.

A stroke occurs when blood flow to an area in the brain is cut off and people who have hypertension are four to six times more likely to have a stroke. Stay safe: Learn your risk factors and the warning signs of stroke and what to do in a stroke emergency.

Sports Cardiology achieves heart screenings that detect potentially serious cardiovascular issues in young athletes. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the major reason of death in exercising young athletes, and is most commonly set off by problems as structural heart disorders or electrical circuitry issues which are not commonly found during routine physical examinations. Most of the conditions that cause sudden cardiac death in young athletes are evaluated by an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), a non-invasive test which calculates the electrical activity of the heart. Athletes with authorized cardiovascular disease or those at risk have particular goals and objectives in mind. They want to continue to play their sport and be very safe. The main aim of the Sports Cardiology Center is to work with any athlete forth the spectrum - professional athletes, recreational exercisers, to weekend warriors to help them reach these goals.

Obesity is a condition where a person has accumulated so much body fat that it might have a negative effect on their health. Obesity means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. The weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water. Both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what's considered healthy for his or her height. Obesity occurs over time when you eat more calories than you use. The balance between calories-in and calories-out differs for each person. Factors that might affect your weight include your genetic makeup, overeating, eating high-fat foods, and not being physically active.

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your organs and other parts of your body. Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems, including heart attack, stroke, or even death. The Artery-wall thickens as a result of invasion and accumulation of white blood cells (WBCs) (foam cell) and proliferation of intimal-smooth-muscle cell creating an atheromatous (fibrofatty) plaque. Plaque creates a bump on the artery wall. As atherosclerosis progresses, that bump gets bigger. When it gets big enough, it can create a blockage. That process goes on throughout your entire body. As a result, not only is your heart at risk, but you are also at risk for stroke and other health problems. Atherosclerosis usually doesn’t cause symptoms until middle or older age. But as the narrowing becomes severe, it can choke off blood flow and cause pain. Blockages can also rupture suddenly. That’ll cause blood to clot inside an artery at the site of the rupture.

Entrepreneurs  is an individual who, rather than working as an employee, runs a small business and assumes all the risk and reward of a given business venture, idea, or good or service offered for sale. The Cardio vascular Devices entrepreneur is commonly seen as a business leader and innovator of new ideas and business processes working on Medical devices. Entrepreneurs play a key role in any economy. These are the people who have the skills and initiative necessary to take good new ideas to cardiothoracic devices market and make the right decisions to make the idea profitable. Cardiac Devices Entrepreneurs Investment Meeting is a gathering of Cardiac Devices. Entrepreneurs and Investors that has been convened for the purpose of achieving a common goal through verbal interaction, such as sharing information or reaching agreement.

Cardiovascular nursing is a nursing specialty that works with patients who suffer from various conditions of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac nurses help treat conditions such as unstable Angina,  cardiomyopathy,  coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction and cardiac dysrhythmia under the direction of a cardiologist. Cardiac nurses perform postoperative care on a surgical unit, stress test evaluations, monitoring, vascular monitoring, and health assessments. Cardiac nurses must have Basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support certification. In addition, cardiac nurses must possess specialized skills including electrocardiogram monitoring, defibrillation, and medication administration by continuous intravenous drip.